75国家地理

开放沟通：OPENMIND

AND

COMUNICATE

Culture

&

History

文化和历史

Meet

the

first

woman

to

contact

one

of

the

world’s

most

isolated

tribes

遇见第一个女人接触世界其中一个最孤立的部落

交换时平衡的必要性：WHEN

WE

EXCHANGE,

BALANCE

IS

THE

MOST

IMORTANT

THING

FOR

BETTY

IN

ONLY

WAY.

Anthropologist

Madhumala

Chattopadhyay

floated

coconuts

to

the

Sentinelese

in

an

unusually

friendly

exchange

with

a

tribe

hostile

to

outsiders.

人类学家Madhumala

Chattopadhyay

像一个漂浮的椰子一样到了哨岗岛来和一个局外敌对部落进行了一场不常见的友好置换。

我们的心愿是美好的，但愿他充满了正能量。

OUR

WISH

IS

BEST,

SO

WE

WISH

IT

FULL

OF

GOOD

ENERGY.

4

Minute

Read

4分钟阅读

节省时间，时间就是金钱时间就是生命。

DON’T

WASTE

OUR

TIME,

TIME

IS

MONEY,

TIME

IS

LIFE.

By

Fehmida

Zakeer

作者：Fehmida

Zakeer

PUBLISHED

December

7,

2018

印刷：2018年12月7日

2019/3/16

The

recent

death

of

an

American

missionary

on

North

Sentinel

Island

has

put

the

remote

island

in

the

Bay

of

Bengal,

officially

off-limits

to

most

outsiders

for

decades,

back

in

the

news

and

raised

questions

about

the

future

of

the

Sentinelese,

the

island’s

hunter-gatherer

residents

who

have

resisted

outside

contact

for

most

of

their

known

history.

最近一位在北哨岗岛去世的传教士已经被安放在遥远的孟加拉丝绸海湾的岛屿上了，这个地方已经被官方禁止局外人入内长达十年之久，传回了关于哨岗岛的未来的消息和已经提出过的问题，这个岛屿依靠狩猎采集的居民正在抵抗向外部他们已知的历史交流。

当我们幽默的时候，世界会回馈我们幽默，因为力的作用力等于反作用力，记住，幽默可是正能量哦，虽然我们同样需要解决问题的能力。

When

we

are

humorous,

the

world

will

give

US

back

humor,

because

force

is

equal

to

reaction.

Remember,

humor

is

positive

MEANS

GOOD

ENERGY,

Although

we

also

need

the

ability

to

solve

problems

AND

TROUBLES.

In

the

later

20th

century,

the

Indian

government,

which

administers

the

Andaman

and

Nicobar

islands

archipelago

to

which

North

Sentinel

belongs,

attempted

to

make

contact

with

the

Sentinelese—attempts

that

usually

ended

with

a

volley

of

projectiles

fired

by

the

island’s

residents

from

the

shoreline.

(In

one

event

in

the

1970s,

the

director

of

a

National

Geographic

documentary

about

the

Andamans

was

wounded

by

a

spear

while

filming).

While

most

attempts

were

unsuccessful,

two

encounters

in

the

early

1990s

were

notable

for

the

fact

the

Sentinelese

accepted

coconuts

from

a

team

that

included

anthropologists

from

the

Anthropological

Survey

of

India

(AnSI).

Learn

why

the

death

of

American

missionary

could

put

this

indigenous

tribe's

survival

at

risk.

在20世纪后期，印度政府，负责管理北哨岗岛所属的安达曼群岛和尼可巴群岛，已经尝试过和北哨岗岛进行多次交流，却通常以射弹和偷袭结束的尝试。岛上居民从海岸线开枪。(在20世纪70年代的一次事件中，一部关于安达曼人的国家地理纪录片的导演在拍摄时被一支长矛打伤)。虽然大多数尝试以失败告终，但上世纪90年代初的两次相遇都是引人注目的，因为哨岗岛接受了一个团队的“椰子”，其中包括一名人类学家是来自印度人类学(ANSI)调研组的。

学习为什么这个美国传教士可以被放在这个土生土长的原始部落会去世以及生存意识和风险注意很有必要。

如果交流沟通和和平谈判有用，那我们根本无需战争偷袭长矛和盾牌。只有当交流失效时我们才需要那些。所以我们要做的第一步就是有效交流。如果这个世界上最有效的交流都全部失效以后，我们需要的才是战争。但是战争时下策，不是更加富有的办法，而和平双赢才是共同富有的唯一办法。因此我们必须做到最有效交流，并达成共同同意。力量的较量是战争，但是公正和平衡的交流才是富贵。

If

communication

and

peace

negotiations

are

true,

there

is

no

need

war，sneak

attack，lance

and

shields.

We

only

need

those

when

the

communication

fails.

So

the

first

step

we

have

to

communicate

truly

effectively.

If

all

the

best

effective

communication

in

the

world

fails,

then

is

war.

But

war

is

not

the

way

to

be

total

richer,

peace

and

win-win

are

the

only

way

to

get

we

both

rich.

Therefore,

we

must

achieve

the

best

and

most

effective

communication

and

reach

a

usual

agreement.

The

compare

of

power

is

war,

but

fair

and

balanced

communication

is

the

only

way

for

total

wealth

for

HUMAN.

(GHOSTS

ARE

SAME).

Among

the

anthropologists

was

the

team’s

only

woman,

Madhumala

Chattopadhyay.

She

had

wanted

to

study

the

tribes

of

the

Andaman

and

Nicobar

islands

since

childhood,

and

as

an

adult

anthropologist

spent

six

years

researching

them,

eventually

publishing

20

research

papers

on

the

subject

as

well

as

the

book

Tribes

of

Car

Nicobar.

As

a

Ph.D.

fellow

with

the

AnSI

in

January

1991,

Chattopadhyay

had

her

first

chance

to

join

a

team

going

to

North

Sentinel.

But

there

was

a

catch:

women

were

not

included

in

groups

that

went

to

establish

contact

with

the

“hostile”

tribes

the

islands.

“I

had

to

give

a

written

undertaking

saying

that

I

knew

about

the

risks

involved

and

would

not

claim

compensation

from

the

government

for

any

injury

or

loss

of

life,”

Chattopadhyay

recalls.

“My

parents

also

had

to

give

a

similar

written

undertaking.”

人类学家

Madhumala

Chattopadhyay

是这个椰子团队唯一的女性。她从小就想研究安达曼群岛和尼可巴群岛的部落，并且是一名成年人的人类学家。通过六年的研究，她最终发表了20篇关于这一研究主题的论文，并编著《部落里的尼科巴汽车》一书。1991年1月，作为ANSI调研组的博士，Chattopadhyay第一次有机会加入去北哨岗岛的团队中来。但是有一个问题：妇女是不被包括去交流团队中

与“敌对”的岛屿部落进行接触的。“我必须作出书面承诺，表示我知道这一切所涉及的风险，不会就任何伤害向政府要求赔偿。即使是生命损失。”Chattopadhyay回忆说。“我的父母也必须作出相似的书面承诺。”

无论是男人还是女人都应该学识渊博，作为一名博士更应该知识丰富，并多多分享自己的知识，也就是精神财富。这是充满了努力和正能量的一种作为。无论男人还是女人都应该勇敢奉献，这是人类最高贵无私的可贵精神和品质。

men

and

women

should

be

both

knowledgeable,

to

be

a

doctor

should

be

full

of

knowledge,

and

share

more

their

knowledge,

that

is

spirit

wealth.that

is

an

an

action

full

of

effort

and

good

wish

energy.

men

and

women

should

both

be

brave,

that

is

the

noblest

and

most

selfless

BEAUTIFUL

spirit

and

quality

just

for

human.

Permissions

granted,

Chattopadhyay

went

on

to

become

the

first

female

anthropologist

to

make

contact

with

the

Sentinelese.

Twenty-seven

years

later,

she

recalls

her

first-hand

encounters

in

an

interview

with

National

Geographic.

获得许可后，Chattopadhyay成为第一位与哨岗岛接触的女性人类学家。27年后，她回忆起她在《国家地理》采访中的第一次经历。

成功对任何一个人都是很重要的，因为他给我们带来快乐和成就感，成功就是一个人达成了一件事情，并且有功绩。

Success

is

very

important

to

everyone

because

it

brings

us

happiness

and

accomplishment.

Success

is

the

achievement

and

contribution

of

one

person.so

we

have

already

been

happy.

Floating

Coconuts

漂浮的椰子们

“We

were

all

a

bit

apprehensive

[during

the

January

1991

expedition]

because

a

few

months

earlier

the

team

sent

by

the

administration

had

encountered

the

usual

hostility,”

says

Chattopadhyay.

Her

group

approached

the

island

in

a

small

boat,

steering

the

vessel

along

an

empty

beach

toward

a

spire

of

smoke.

A

few

Sentinelese

men,

four

of

them

armed

with

bows

and

arrows,

walked

out

to

the

shoreline.

“We

started

floating

coconuts

over

to

them.

To

our

surprise

some

of

the

Sentinelese

came

into

the

water

to

collect

the

coconuts.”

In

the

two

to

three

hours

that

followed,

Sentinelese

men

waded

from

the

beach

into

the

water

repeatedly

to

collect

the

coconuts—a

novel

product

that

does

not

grow

on

their

island—while

women

and

children

watched

from

a

distance.

Yet

the

threat

of

an

attack

on

the

anthropologist

outsiders

remained

present,

Chattopadhyay

recalls.

“A

young

man

aged

about

19

or

20

stood

along

with

a

woman

on

the

beach.

He

suddenly

raised

his

bow.

I

called

out

to

them

to

come

and

collect

the

coconuts

using

tribal

words

I

had

picked

up

while

working

with

the

other

tribes

in

the

region.

The

woman

gave

the

boy

a

nudge

and

his

arrow

fell

to

the

water.

At

the

woman’s

urging,

he

too

came

into

the

water

and

started

picking

coconuts,”

she

says.

“Later

some

of

the

tribesmen

came

and

touched

the

boat.

The

gesture,

we

felt,

indicated

that

they

were

not

scared

of

us

now.”

The

AnSI

team

climbed

to

the

shore

but

the

tribe

did

not

take

them

to

their

settlement.

Chattopadhyay说：“我们都有点担心(在1991年1月的远征)，因为几个月前，政府派遣的团队遇到了通用敌意。”她的团队坐着一艘小船向岛上驶去，沿着一片空荡荡的海滩，驶向一股浓烟。几个哨兵，其中四个人装备着弓箭，向海岸线走去。

“我们开始把椰子漂浮到他们身上。令我们惊讶的是，一些哨兵来到水中收集椰子吃。”

在接下来的两三个小时里，哨兵们从海滩上反复地涉水去收集椰子--这是一种在岛上不生长的新产品--女人和孩子的远远的看着。然而，Chattopadhyay

回忆说“对人类学家发动攻击的威胁是依然存在。”

她说：一名年约十九或二十岁的青年与一名女子一同在龙鼓上站立。

他突然举起了弓。我用我在该地区其他部落工作时学到的部落词汇叫他们来收集椰子。那女人给了轻轻推了那个男孩掉进了飞机航路优先通道。在女人的催促下，他也来到水里，开始采摘椰子。”

她说：“后来，一些部落的人过来碰船。那个姿态，我们理解是表示他们现在不怕我们。于是ANSI小组爬到岸边，但是部落没有带他们去他们的定居地点。”

置换互换EXCHANGE

在任何人的一生中都会经历许多不公平的事情和困难。我们不可以轻易认输，而是要把这些困难解决，达成最圆满的结果。

比如当我们商品置换时，双方如果都想多占，就无法达成一致，最终会发生战争。这个时候我们就是要从意识上通过教育改变这种双方都想多占的意识。如果是一方想多占，一方要求合理，那么我们就去教育改变想多占的那一方，使得他们不再提出无理要求。如果是双方都要求合理，那么我们就可以达成等价交换，并通过和平沟通达成共识，再一起配合，达成共同富有的最佳效果，这就是双赢和问题的解决办法。

There

are

many

unfair

things

and

difficulties

in

anyone's

life.

We

cannot

give

up

easily,

but

we

must

resolve

these

TROUBLES

and

achieve

the

most

satisfactory

results.

For

example,

when

we

EXCHANGE

goods,

if

both

sides

want

to

overtake,

there

will

be

no

agreement,

and

eventually

war

will

take

place.

At

this

time,

we

need

to

consciously

through

education

to

change

the

MIND

of

both

PARTS

want

to

occupy

more.

If

one

side

wants

to

overtake

and

the

other

wants

to

be

reasonable,

then

we

will

educate

the

one

who

wants

to

overtake

so

that

they

no

longer

make

unreasonable

demands.

If

both

sides

demand

reasonable,

then

we

can

reach

an

equal

exchange.

THE

peaceful

communication

to

reach

CONSENSUS

and

work

together

to

achieve

the

best

results

for

TOTAL

wealth,

this

is

a

win-win

solution

to

the

problem

AND

TROUBLES.

Chattopadhyay

returned

with

a

larger

team

a

month

later.

“This

time,

our

team

was

bigger

because

the

administration

wanted

to

make

the

Sentinelese

familiar

with

all

the

team

members,”

she

recalls.

“They

watched

us

approaching

and

came

to

meet

us

without

their

weapons.”

Not

satisfied

with

just

collecting

floating

coconuts

this

time,

the

Sentinelese

climbed

into

the

team’s

boat

to

take

an

entire

bag

of

coconuts.

“They

even

tried

to

take

the

rifle

belonging

to

the

police,

mistaking

it

to

be

a

piece

of

metal,”

Chattopadhyay

adds.

One

of

the

team

members

then

tried

to

take

an

ornament

made

out

of

leaves

worn

by

a

Sentinelese

man.

“The

man

got

angry

and

whipped

out

his

knife.

He

gestured

to

us

to

leave

immediately

and

we

left,”

she

says.

一个月后，Chattopadhyay带着一支更大的团队回来了。“这一次，我们的团队规模更大，因为政府想让哨岗岛熟悉所有的团队成员，”

她强调道。“他们看着我们走近，拿着武器来欢迎迎接我们。

这一次，他们不满足于仅仅收集漂浮的椰子，于是爬上球队的船，收集了整个英格兰队的椰子。”Chattopadhyay补充说：“他们甚至试图拿走属于警察的步枪，把它误认为是一块重金属。

后来其中一名队员试图拿一件由旧叶子做成的装饰物。

一个哨兵穿过树叶，那人生气了，把刀拔了出来。他示意我们马上离开。”

她说。

当我们有一些误会尴尬和令人伤心的情景时，更不应该太过于冲动，俗话说：有智者事竟成，我们应该放下冲动，选择理治，依然用最好最有效的沟通来解决这些困难，才是明智的。

When

we

have

some

embarrassing

and

sad

situations,

we

should

not

be

too

impulsive.

As

the

saying

goes,

‘if

there

is

a

wise

man,

we

should

be

success’,

give

up

impulse

and

choose

to

reason,

and

still

use

the

best

and

most

effective

communication

to

solve

these

difficulties

and

troubles

Is

wise.

Bad

weather

spoiled

a

third

trip,

undertaken

a

few

months

later,

“There

was

no

one

on

the

beach,

and

we

returned

without

seeing

anyone,”

she

recalls.

After

that,

the

administration

decided

to

reduce

the

frequency

of

visits

to

North

Sentinel

Island

to

protect

the

residents

from

exposure

to

diseases

that

they

likely

lacked

defences

to.

Chattopadhyay,

who

now

works

in

India’s

Ministry

of

Social

Justice

and

Empowerment,

has

not

returned

to

the

Andaman

and

Nicobar

islands

in

19

years

and

has

no

interest

in

returning

to

North

Sentinel.

“The

tribes

have

been

living

on

the

islands

for

centuries

without

any

problem.

Their

troubles

started

after

they

came

into

contact

with

outsiders,”

the

anthropologist

says.

“The

tribes

of

the

islands

do

not

need

outsiders

to

protect

them,

what

they

need

is

to

be

left

alone.”

坏天气破坏了几个月后我们要进行的第三次旅行，“海滩上没有人，我们没见到任何人。”

她回忆道。在那之后，政府决定减少前往北哨岗岛的次数，以保护居民免受他们可能缺乏的防御能力和疾病之害。

Chattopadhyay现在印度社会从事正义和赋权部工作，19年来都没有返回安达曼和尼科巴群岛，也没有兴趣返回北哨岗岛。

“几个世纪以来，这些部落一直生活在这些岛屿上，没有任何问题。他们的麻烦是在他们与外界接触后开始的，”

这位人类学家说。“岛屿的部落不需要外人来保护他们，他们所需要的是一个人独处。”

当环境和天气很坏时，我们更不要轻易屈服，这就是人类顽强的生命力和生存意识。一个岛屿越孤立他就越不容易富有，所以为了大家的富裕，我们最理想的解决方法是和平配合的共同富裕，而不是去选择放弃和孤立，我们不该屈服，即使困难再多再大，我们也不应该选择两败俱伤的互相伤害和不够坚定的去放弃，而我们仍应该没有底线的去坚持最理想的和平沟通谈判和方案，来达成一条

心，也就是共识，因为只有这样我们才有可能更加的富有，才可能解决所有的负能量问题，才可以生存下来，为了明天和更好的生活。

When

the

environment

and

the

weather

are

bad,

we

should

not

GIVE

UP

easily,

which

is

the

indomitable

vitality

and

the

survival

consciousness

FOR

mankind.

The

more

isolated

an

island

is,

the

less

it

is,

so

for

the

sake

of

the

rich,

our

best

solution

is

the

common

prosperity

of

peaceful

co-operation,

not

to

choose

to

give

up

and

to

isolate,

we

should

not

yield,

even

more

difficult

and

more

TROUBLE,

We

shouldn't

have

chosen

to

give

up

both

damage

and

the

lack

of

STONEABLE,

and

we

should

NO

bottom

line

to

stick

FOR

the

ideal

peaceful

communication

negotiation

and

the

solution,

to

reach

the

ONE

heart

RESULT,

that

is,

the

consensus,

because

only

in

this

way,

we

have

the

potential

to

be

more

rich

and

rich.

It

is

possible

to

solve

all

negative

energy

problems

so

that

they

can

survive

for

tomorrow

and

FOR

a

better

life.

HOW

CAN

WE

TO

BE

BETTER

我们怎样能更好

在生活中，我们都有些牢骚和抱怨，而这些牢骚和抱怨就是负能量正是我们需要解决的问题。我们需要把负能量转换成正能量，才可以心身或者叫身心健康的发展下去。

因为只有这样，我们才能够生存下去和更好的生活。

当然这些牢骚和抱怨也就是产生的负能量负面情绪一定是事出有因的，其中很大一部分都不是我们自己的原因，而是社会环境原因总成的负能量再循环。

因此我们要想将负能量转换成正能量，除了从自己身上转化，更要去关心和解决社会问题，阻断社会负能量的循环系统，然后再将负能量转换成正能量，这样我们就可以更好。

具体从这篇新闻报道来说，从很大程度上我同意这篇新闻报道的真实性，他充满了对环境的不满和无能为力。的确如此，面对这些不友好的事情，任何人有这种反应也是再正常不过的。

但是就好像每天我们需要经历大大小小的100件事情，也许有50件事情事让我们高兴的，但是我们很快记住，而我们总是牢记于心的却事那50件令我们不高兴的事情。这是为什么呢？

也就是说生气比高兴更容易令人记住吗，不友好比友好更容易令人记住吗？或者是说没有特别高兴的事情，没有遇见特别友好的人？

如果我们问题的答案是前者，那么我们应该从自己身上找原因，更好的改变自己，理解他人。可惜人际关系的天平如果倾斜了，就不能够产生双赢的最佳友好进步效果。但是换一个角度，问题的答案如果是后者，那么就是属于社会环境问题，那么我们需要改变的阻断的就是社会环境中的负能量不断再循环系统，这才是最公道的判断和解决办法。如果两者都有，那么我们就要既改变自己也去改变他人和社会环境。因此《国家地理》作为一本公共刊物，其实从很大意义上来讲，就是在改变和影响社会的。

首先我基本认可上文这篇报道的真实性，那么在文中关于人类学家出现的那些问题该如何解决呢？

在原文中，我已经给每一段加上了一段正能量事件的报道。而以下就是这些负能量事件的解决办法：

友好，开放，沟通，交流，置换，互换，公平，平衡，尺度，分寸。

这一切的目的都是为了更好，是为了双赢的人际关系，为了进步，为了共同富有，为了更加富裕。也就是为了地球和人类的明天。

生活中也有许多高兴的事情，比如一次说走就走的旅行，比如我实现了自己的心愿，去环游了世界，比如在这个过程中我愉快的掌握了好几种新的沟通方法，比如我的学识和见闻都大大的增长等等。这些才是对一个人受益终身的事情。

再比如我今天收到了爱人的一束鲜花，我今天得到了好朋友得鼓励和收获了微笑，这些点滴的小事，都是可以使我们快乐的。

In

life,

we

all

have

some

complaints

and

DIFFICULTIES,

and

these

complaints

and

DIFFICULTIES

are

negative

energy

is

the

problem

we

need

to

solve.

We

need

to

convert

negative

energy

into

positive

energy

in

order

to

develop

psychosomatic

or

physical

and

mental

health.

Because

only

in

this

way

can

we

survive

and

live

a

better

life.

Of

course,

these

complaints

and

DIFFICULTIES,

that

is,

negative

energy

and

negative

emotions

must

have

a

cause,

a

large

part

of

which

is

not

our

own

cause,

but

the

negative

energy

recycling

of

the

social

environment

as

we

called

them

bad

WHEATHERS.

So

if

we

want

to

change

bad

energy

into

good

energy,

we

have

to

care

about

and

solve

social

problems,

block

the

circulation

system

of

negative

energy,

and

then

convert

negative

energy

into

positive

energy,

so

that

we

can

be

better.

To

a

large

extent,

I

agree

with

the

truthfulness

of

this

news

report,

which

is

full

of

discontent

and

powerlessness

to

the

environment.

Indeed,

it

would

be

normal

for

anyone

to

suffer

these

unfriendly

things.

But

it's

like

every

day

we

have

to

go

through

100

things,

big

and

small,

maybe

50

things

that

make

us

happy,

but

we

remember

quickly,

and

we

always

remember

the

50

things

that

make

us

unhappy.

Why

is

that?

In

other

words,

anger

is

easier

to

remember

than

pleasure,

and

unfriendliness

is

easier

to

remember

than

friendship?

Or

is

it

that

there

is

no

very

happy

thing,

no

meeting

a

very

friendly

person?

If

the

answer

to

our

question

is

the

former,

then

we

should

look

for

reasons

in

ourselves,

better

change

ourselves,

understand

others.

Unfortunately,

if

the

balance

of

human

relations

is

tilted,

it

will

not

produce

the

best

win-win

friendly

and

progressive

effect.

But

on

the

other

hand,

if

the

answer

to

the

question

is

the

latter,

it

is

a

social

environmental

problem,

so

what

we

need

to

change

is

the

constant

recycling

of

negative

energy

in

the

social

environment.

This

is

the

most

fair

judgment

and

solution.

If

we

have

both,

we

have

to

change

ourselves

as

well

as

others

and

the

social

environment.

So

National

Geography,

as

a

public

publication,

In

fact,

in

a

great

sense,

it

is

changing

and

affecting

the

society.

First

of

all,

I

generally

agree

with

the

truth

of

the

above

report,

so

how

to

solve

the

problems

that

anthropologists

have

come

up

with

in

the

article?

In

the

original

text,

I

have

added

a

positive

energy

incident

to

each

paragraph.

And

here

are

the

solutions

to

these

negative-energy

events:

Friendly,

open,

communicate,

exchange,

swap,

fair,

balanced,

measured,

measured.

All

this

is

for

better,

for

win-win

relationships,

for

progress,

for

common

wealth,

for

more

wealth.

It

is

for

the

future

of

the

earth

and

mankind.

There

are

also

many

happy

things

in

life,

such

as

a

walk-away

trip,

for

example,

I

have

fulfilled

my

wish

to

travel

around

the

world,

for

example,

in

the

process

I

happily

mastered

several

new

ways

of

communication,

For

example,

my

knowledge

and

experience

have

greatly

increased,

and

so

on.

These

are

the

things

that

benefit

a

person

for

life.

For

example,

I

have

received

a

bunch

of

flowers

from

my

lover

today,

and

I've

got

a

good

friend

today

to

encourage

and

get

a

smile,

these

little

things

that

make

us

happy.

面对坏天气和不良环境，我们有如下5种解决办法：

1友好开放

2沟通交流

3置换互换

4公平平衡

5尺度分寸

In

the

face

of

bad

weather

and

bad

environment,

we

have

the

following

FIVE

solutions:

1

friendly

opening

2

Communication

3

1:1

exchange

4

Fair

balance

5

scale

measurement